Higher fasting glucose is associated with poorer survival in non-diabetic subjects having ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries

0

  • Cannon, R. O. 3rd. Microvascular angina and the continuing dilemma of chest pain with normal coronary angiograms. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 877–885 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liao, Y. C. et al. Leptin to adiponectin ratio as a useful predictor for cardiac syndrome X. Biomarkers 18, 44–50 (2013).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, K. W. et al. Circulating adipokines and insulin resistance in subjects with combined cardiac and metabolic syndrome X. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 7, 83 (2015).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Spione, F., Arevalos, V., Gabani, R., Sabate, M. & Brugaletta, S. Coronary microvascular angina: A state-of-the-art review. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9, 800918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.800918 (2022).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taqueti, V. R. & Di Carli, M. F. Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 72, 2625–2641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.042 (2018).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, H. R. et al. Ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries: Insights from the ISCHEMIA trial. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 16, 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.06.015 (2023).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, P. K. et al. Ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA): A narrative review. Atherosclerosis 363, 8–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.009 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., Singh, S., Arora, R. & Khosla, S. Cardiac syndrome X: current concepts. Int. J. Cardiol. 142, 113–119 (2010).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desideri, G. et al. Endothelial activation in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Circulation 102, 2359–2364 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Recio-Mayoral, A., Rimoldi, O. E., Camici, P. G. & Kaski, J. C. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction in cardiac syndrome X patients without conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 6, 660–667 (2013).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, H. M. et al. Women, cardiac syndrome X, and microvascular heart disease. Can. J. Cardiol. 28, 42–49 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, J. D., Jones, C. J., Hutchison, S. J., Peters, J. R. & Henderson, A. H. Hyperinsulinaemia and microvascular angina (“syndrome X”). Lancet 337, 456–457 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swan, J. W. et al. Insulin resistance syndrome as a feature of cardiological syndrome X in non-obese men. Br. Heart J. 71, 41–44 (1994).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Piatti, P. et al. Endothelial and metabolic characteristics of patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries: Comparison with subjects with insulin resistance syndrome and normal controls. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 34, 1452–1460 (1999).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Botker, H. E. et al. Insulin resistance in microvascular angina (syndrome X). Lancet 342, 136–140 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takei, Y., Tomiyama, H., Tanaka, N., Yamashina, A. & Chikamori, T. Association between insulin resistance, oxidative stress, sympathetic activity and coronary microvascular function in patients with early stage impaired glucose metabolism. Circ. J. 86, 866–873. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-21-0549 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jadhav, S. T. et al. Microvascular function, metabolic syndrome, and novel risk factor status in women with cardiac syndrome X. Am. J. Cardiol. 97, 1727–1731 (2006).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, N. S. et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in obese patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 72, 707–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.049 (2018).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sorop, O. et al. The microcirculation: A key player in obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc. Res. 113, 1035–1045. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvx093 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtlen, P. R., Bargheer, K. & Wenzlaff, P. Long-term prognosis of patients with anginalike chest pain and normal coronary angiographic findings. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 25, 1013–1018 (1995).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamendola, P. et al. Long-term prognosis of patients with cardiac syndrome X. Int. J. Cardiol. 140, 197–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.026 (2010).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jespersen, L. et al. Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events. Eur. Heart J. 33, 734–744. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr331 (2012).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herscovici, R. et al. Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease ( INOCA ): What is the risk?. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 7, e008868. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.008868 (2018).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kenkre, T. S. et al. Ten-Year Mortality in the WISE Study (Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation). Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 10, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003863 (2017).

  • Hansen, B. et al. Ischemia with no obstructive arteries (INOCA): A review of the prevalence, diagnosis and management. Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 48, 101420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101420 (2023).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, K. W. et al. Post-challenge insulin concentration is useful for differentiating between coronary artery disease and cardiac syndrome X in subjects without known diabetes mellitus. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 9, 10 (2017).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Serruys, P. W. et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 961–972 (2009).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, K. W. et al. Differential expression of circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in subjects with coronary artery disease and cardiac syndrome X without known diabetes mellitus. Biomarkers 22, 798–804 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lanza, G. A. Cardiac syndrome X: A critical overview and future perspectives. Heart 93, 159–166 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, M. P. et al. Measures of insulin resistance add incremental value to the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in association with coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 110, 803–809 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soyama, A. et al. Clinical usefulness of the thickness of preperitoneal and subcutaneous fat layer in the abdomen estimated by ultrasonography for diagnosing abdominal obesity in each type of impaired glucose tolerance in man. Endocr. J. 52, 229–236 (2005).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X. et al. Evaluation of the clinical value of 10 estimating glomerular filtration rate equations and construction of a prediction model for kidney damage in adults from central China. Front. Mol. Biosci. 11, 1408503. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2024.1408503 (2024).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Giron-Luque, F., Garcia-Lopez, A., Baez-Suarez, Y. & Patino-Jaramillo, N. Comparison of three glomerular filtration rate estimating equations with 24-hour urine creatinine clearance measurement in potential living kidney donors. Int. J. Nephrol. 2023, 2022641. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2022641 (2023).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, W. L. et al. Newly diagnosed diabetes based on an oral glucose tolerance test predicts cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 101, e29557. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000029557 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sardu, C. et al. Effects of metformin therapy on coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with prediabetes with stable angina and nonobstructive coronary artery stenosis: The CODYCE multicenter prospective study. Diabetes Care 42, 1946–1955. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2356 (2019).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paolisso, P. et al. Impact of admission hyperglycemia on heart failure events and mortality in patients with takotsubo syndrome at long-term follow-up: Data from HIGH-GLUCOTAKO investigators. Diabetes Care 44, 2158–2161. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0433 (2021).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • You might also like